Social housing plays a key role in providing affordable housing for vulnerable and low income households.  The wider determinants of health such as housing (in terms of quality and supply), education, employment and environment may contribute to less healthy lives. Factors such as smoking, drinking/substance misuse, poor diet, and a lack of physical activity are also influenced by mental wellbeing, which can be low if these determinants are poor.  The association between good, healthy, secure and warm housing has a known association with better health outcomes and better personal subjective well-being.

Most social housing properties are let on lifetime tenancies and at rents set below market rent levels (the rent that private landlords charge). The allocation of housing is through a waiting list system, and is made available to those who are most in need – usually those who are homeless, severely overcrowded or whose current home is unsuitable for health reasons.

Increasingly, as pressures on the general availability of affordable homes within the housing market have increased any social housing that becomes available tends to be allocated to the most vulnerable in our society – people with health problems, complex social needs and on low incomes. Under current legislation, being unable to afford to buy a house or rent within the private market is not, on its own, sufficient indicator of housing need and does not mean social housing will be available.

Welfare Reforms have meant that for many unemployed or low income families, whether in the social and private housing sectors, access to many state benefits has been reduced or removed completely. Where they are still awarded benefit levels are frozen, whilst housing costs rise. As well as overall squeezes on household finances, the Welfare Reforms and moves to Universal Credit mean that the housing element of benefits payments are paid directly to the claimant, where previously they were paid to the landlord. This could lead to an increase in people falling into rent arrears, and ultimately a rise in homelessness.

The impact of Welfare Reforms and the new Housing (Wales) Act 2014 are particularly felt by young, single people under the age of 35 who are unemployed or in low wage employment. Housing benefit is restricted to the single room rate which is not sufficient to cover renting homes of their own and the only affordable option is shared housing. However, there is no availability of shared housing within the social housing sector, and work to improve the standard of houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) across the area has reduced the availability of shared housing in the private sector. Improvements to private housing stock often result in an increase in market rents.

In February 2021, the spare room subsidy/bedroom tax reduced housing benefit or the housing element of Universal Credit payments for 694 recipients in Conwy County Borough and 728 recipients in Denbighshire.^[1] This was 15.3% of all recipients of those benefits in Conwy County Borough and Denbighshire who were housed in the social rented sector. The reduction isn’t applicable to tenants in the private rented sector.

At 31st March 2019, there were 12,551 dwellings within the social housing sector in the area (6,742 in Conwy County Borough and 5,809 in Denbighshire). This was 132 for every 1,000 households, which was significantly below the all-Wales level of 174 for every 1,000 households (Conwy County Borough: 127 for every 1,000 households, Denbighshire: 139 for every 1,000 households). Social need is increasingly outstripping social housing supply.

Most of the area’s general needs social housing stock has at least three-bedrooms (53% overall, with similar proportions in both Conwy County Borough and Denbighshire).^[2] This is higher than the all-Wales figure (46%). Overall less than 15% of stock is in one-bedroomed accommodation, which limits the opportunities for tenants to downsize if they are affected by caps on housing benefits due to under occupation in their existing accommodation (the so-called ‘bedroom tax’).^[3]

The under supply of one bedroomed accommodation in the housing stock makes it difficult to find adequate social housing for some of the most vulnerable people in housing need, including those who have mental health issues, recovering addicts (see our ‘people making healthy lifestyle choices‘ topic for further information), veterans and ex-offenders (see our ‘equality, diversity and community cohesion‘ topic for further information). Single men in particular are disadvantaged by the lack of one bedroom properties.

There are currently three main problem areas within Denbighshire: the need for adapted housing; large families in need and a one bed flat crisis.

The main social housing providers in the area are Cartrefi Conwy and Denbighshire Council. Cartrefi Conwy was the company formed in 2008 when Conwy County Borough Council underwent the stock-transfer process. Together they provide 57% of all social housing in the area. Other major providers are Clwyd Alyn Housing Association (13%), North Wales Housing Association (12%), Grwp Cynefin (9%) and Wales and West Housing (6%).

[1] Please note: We are no longer able to calculate financial impact from DWP data

[2] Does not include sheltered housing, hostels or Extra Care provision

[3] Source: social landlord stock and rents data collection, Welsh Government